The virtual data architecture of a warehouse is physically managed atop one or more data platforms, including traditional relational database management systems (RDBMSs), newer DBMSs (for columns, NoSQL, and graph), file systems (of which Hadoop is becoming increasingly common), and object stores (typically cloud-based).
It also includes a highly diverse ecosystem of tools, such as those for reporting, analytics, integration, quality, metadata, development, and administration.
Finally, for speed, scale, interoperability, and high availability all the above infrastructure components rely heavily on underlying enterprise hardware—namely CPUs, server memory, networks, storage, and clouds.